The earliest Russian coins were silver grivnas, which were later replaced by the denga in the 14th century. Coins such as the kopek emerged, often with distinctive engravings. Ivan the Terrible introduced the kopek in 1535, which became the standard currency unit.
In the early 18th century, major coinage reforms introduced modern coin denominations like the ruble. Russia adopted the gold standard, minting coins in gold, silver, and copper. The last Tsar's coins were issued until the Russian Revolution in 1917.
Initial Soviet coins were minted from 1921, with various changes in design reflecting political changes. The 1961 reform introduced new coins, replacing older ones and setting new denominations. These coins featured Soviet emblems and motifs until the USSR dissolved in 1991.
After the dissolution of the USSR, new ruble coins were introduced following hyperinflation. In 1998, another redenomination dropped three zeros from the ruble, creating the modern currency system. The coins currently in circulation in Russia are in the denominations of 1 Kopek, 5 Kopeks, 10 Kopeks, 25 Kopeks, 50 Kopeks, 1 Ruble, 2 Rubles, 5 Rubles, and 10 Rubles.
These coins feature various designs, often including the emblem of the Russian Federation, notable Russian figures, and significant architectural landmarks. Modern coins are typically made from a variety of materials, including steel, brass, and nickel-plated steel.
