Eritrea, a small nation in the Horn of Africa, has a history defined by its determined struggle for independence. This journey highlights the resilience and perseverance of its people. Following World War II, Eritrea, formerly an Italian colony, came under British administration. In 1952, the United Nations decided to federate Eritrea with Ethiopia, granting Eritreans some autonomy. However, this arrangement was short-lived. In 1962, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia dissolved the federation and annexed Eritrea, sparking a long and difficult war for independence.
The Eritrean War of Independence lasted 30 years, from 1961 to 1991, involved intense battles and significant sacrifices. The Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) led the fight against Ethiopian rule. Despite facing a powerful Ethiopian military, the EPLF’s determination eventually led to their victory.
On May 24, 1991, the EPLF captured the Eritrean capital, Asmara, marking the end of the war. This date is now celebrated annually as Eritrea’s Independence Day. Eritrea’s independence was officially recognized on May 24, 1993, following a UN-supervised referendum where an overwhelming majority of Eritreans voted for independence.
Celebrating Independence Day
Independence Day in Eritrea is a deeply significant and joyous occasion, marked by nationwide celebrations that reflect the pride and unity of the Eritrean people. The festivities typically begin in the days leading up to May 24th and continue for several days thereafter.
Major cities, especially the capital Asmara, host grand parades featuring the military, cultural groups, and local communities. These parades display traditional dances, music, and colorful attire. Music and dance are central to the celebrations, with traditional songs and dances performed by local artists and cultural troupes.
The night skies light up with fireworks. Public buildings and streets are decorated with lights, creating a festive atmosphere. Families and friends gather to share traditional meals and stories of the independence struggle, ensuring the memories of those who fought for freedom are remembered. The day also involves honoring the martyrs and heroes who sacrificed their lives for independence with wreath-laying ceremonies and moments of silence.
Banknotes Celebrating Independence
Eritrea has issued banknotes that feature imagery related to its struggle for independence and its cultural heritage. An example is the 5 Nakfa banknote. The front of the note features a triptych of portraits showing a young boy, a young man, and an older man. This symbolizes the continuity and resilience of the Eritrean people through different generations.
It also depicts Eritrean fighters raising the Eritrea People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) flag, reminiscent of the famous photograph of American soldiers raising the flag on Iwo Jima. The back of the note shows cattle grazing under a huge Jacaranda tree, a common sight in the Eritrean landscape, symbolizing agriculture and the rural way of life. The Bank of Eritrea logo is also featured prominently.
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