Venustiano Carranza Garza, born on December 29, 1859, in Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, grew up in a politically active family, laying the foundation for his future career. His early foray into politics saw him serve as a senator and later as governor of Coahuila, where his leadership earned him respect for promoting modernization and addressing local issues. These roles marked the beginning of Carranza’s journey as a prominent political figure in Mexico. 

Venustiano Carranza | 1915 | Source: Wikipedia

The Mexican Revolution and the Constitutionalist Army 

The Mexican Revolution, which began in 1910, was a tumultuous period that sought to address inequalities and political instability under the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz. Carranza emerged as a key figure in this era, leading the Constitutionalist Army against Victoriano Huerta’s usurpation of power in 1913. As Chief of the Constitutionalist Army, Carranza worked with figures like Álvaro Obregón and Plutarco Elías Calles, aiming to restore constitutional order. His leadership during this period solidified his reputation as a staunch defender of democratic principles. 

Venustiano Carranza On Presidential Seat | Source: Wikipedia

Presidency and the Mexican Constitution 

In 1917, Venustiano Carranza assumed the presidency of Mexico. One of his most significant achievements was the enactment of the Mexican Constitution, a landmark document that remains in effect today. This constitution introduced progressive reforms, including labor rights and land redistribution, reflecting the revolution’s ideals.  

Mexico 100 Pesos | 2016 | Commemorative Centennial of Enactment of the Mexican Constitution | Source: Banknote World

The moment Carranza and Luis Manuel Rojas, Chairman of Congress, swore before the Constituent Assembly was immortalized on the Mexico 100 Pesos Commemorative Banknote, issued to celebrate the constitution’s centennial. The obverse of this note features Carranza and Rojas, while the reverse depicts congressmen swearing to uphold the constitution, symbolizing national unity and progress. 

Carranza on Banknotes and Coins 

Venustiano Carranza’s legacy has been celebrated in Mexican currency, showcasing his pivotal role in the nation’s history. The Mexico 100 Pesos Banknote, the first to feature Carranza, also includes José Clemente Orozco’s painting “La Trinchera,” a powerful depiction of the sacrifices made during the revolution. This artistic tribute underscores Carranza’s connection to the revolutionary struggle. 

Mexico 100 Pesos | 1982 | Source: Banknote World

In addition to banknotes, Carranza is featured on the Mexico 100 Pesos Coin, an aluminum-bronze piece weighing 11.97 grams with a diameter of 26.5 mm. The coin’s obverse showcases Mexico’s national emblem, while the reverse prominently displays Carranza’s portrait, further cementing his place in the country’s numismatic history. 

Mexico 100 Pesos Coin | 1984-1992 | Venustiano Carranza | Source: Banknote World

Assassination and Legacy 

Carranza’s presidency ended in turmoil, as his attempts to maintain power alienated former allies. In 1920, during the Plan of Agua Prieta rebellion, he fled Mexico City but was assassinated on May 21 in Tlaxcalantongo, Puebla. Despite his tragic end, Carranza’s contributions to Mexico’s political and social fabric endure. His leadership in drafting the Mexican Constitution and guiding the nation through a period of profound change solidifies his place as a cornerstone of Mexico’s modern history. 

Venustiano Carranza Alongside Aztec Sun Stone | Source: Wikipedia

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